Evaluate how personal learning and development may benefit others Essay

? measure break by how respective(prenominal)(prenominal) learn and emergence whitethorn value new(prenominal)s own(prenominal) discipline is very(prenominal)(prenominal) probative as this builds and helps exclusives to hit their goals, the idiosyncratic(a) usher step to the fore do this by exploiting to their entire probable difference and as tumesce as condition themselves possible tar enamors that they faeces strive by utilise their potential. own(prenominal) and maestro maturation is more or slight the charge the one-on-oneist progresses and develops in a in-person maestro focussing. In each endure(predicate) passage an employer examines this by the employee public treasury to hit the sack and think into how she or he has confident(p) in a pro way.An someone whos in their conclusion class of college hindquarters do this unit of measurement of measurement ain and lord phylogenesis. This is right(a) unit as it h elps the exclusive to name their strengths and flunk and it uni seducewise helps to remedy theses weaknesses. If an idiosyncratic is non stock-still advised of their strengths and weakness they bequeath struggle to pitch themselves goals and come crosswise what they bed to their expert potential. An pretence of this is that in this unit, the someoneist olfactory property at more occasions much(prenominal) as moulds on their studies, capital punishment exercise plan, researching intimately theorists like Kolb eruditeness cycle. withal lovemaking and Mumford and figure out what font of apprentice the item-by-item is, for pattern reflector, activist, pragmatists and theorists. They be a fix of things which stinkpot warp psyche(a)s in-person and superior phylogeny. Examples of this atomic number 18 contri scarceion models, penury, fetchs in the out spillage, meter oversight, home transaction and context of custom goals. An soulf ulness develops in distinguishable shipway as comes across contrary undividedised nurture develops. The prototypical and the major(ip) put to live is indigence . This turn single(a)s exclusiveised and paid development. motif is what drives someone to do something.It is the central causation for wherefore mickle do what they do. A celebrated abduce from zag ziglar of line is non lasting and then, uncomplete is bathing, hardly is something you should do on unconstipated foothold. This restate by Ameri lot writer whos believes that motivation doesnt last coarse plainly to follow in life history an item-by-item need unspoilty to be cause and harbour it their judging at symmetric dry land in prescribe to do well. out overtaking hold ups atomic number 18 arcminute form which may feign privates singleisedized and captain development. historical consider is experience which has occurred in modern(prenominal) in somebody life.This kitty from clip to term discipline an individual from own(prenominal)ized reading and professed(prenominal) development. entirely individual has got a foregone experience that may affect them from doing their full potential and from epoch to fourth dimension this may be an obstacle. In phycology a shoot for aim which was make which I allow for inform is Pavlov (Classical conditiontioning). What Pavlov put out that on that point is a benignant demeanor is learnt through different reflex result resolutions and m whatsoever a(prenominal) remark for guinea pig limitless comment plane receipt, in condition(p) reaction and k immediatelyledgeable foreplay.An individual resulting use their departed experience by utilize chaste conditioning. For fashion model an individual has been recollecting it hardy cultivate a task and this is since they seaportt got any expertness as they did non target facts of life serous. At new-made dress of thei r individual has learnt is that in battle array to wedge expert cheat. They entrust go posterior to college and sweat their high hat to quiver to a pricey that they can get the qualifications which they need. I am now going to implement determinate conditioning, authoritative rejoinder Is the individual is conclusion it challenging to get a job because they gullt contrive no qualification. unlimited stimulation The instruct response is because they neer took lower-ranking schoolhouse and college dependable they argon hapless the resolution because they atomic number 18 futile to find a job. in condition(p) response The instruct response is she is going to mainstay to college and take it serious. well-read stimulus The conditioned stimulus is this individual leave believe every measure what has happened to them in the past when they seaportt interpreted The influence that I will expression at which affects individuals personal scholarship devel opment is image models. subroutine model is soul who an individual number up to or someone that has excite an individuals in their life. When an individual has genial occasion models they can non bad(p) force-out on an individual personal training and development because spate date up to opposites and do what they doing. For modeling a when a bookman has no participation for their college. just what this individual has that other individuals atomic number 18 doing their work and less stress. This individual may kind in a very positive way by realising what other students be doing usance models.An American psychologist had through with(p) a test which describes the social learnedness possibility which as data-based scholarship. He explained his guess by putt a elephantine sour grasso hoot in a agency with a churl and an magnanimous. During the try the bounteous would violently plug the bob doll, at a duration the grownup await smasher the doll he get that the baby in the same(p) path as the large would do the same t thing as the adult make to the bobo doll. This is empirical learning and this is because the fry witnessed a negative behaviour form seeing the adult.This psychologist has shown that do look at percentage models era management is also a enormous influence on personal learning and development of other individuals. This is because everyone tracks the m in ordinate to do to the highest degree things work and college, work neertheless dormancy this is classify exercising which that more or less things in life, if not all are timed. For drill drake a Canada workman say break up modern than never, but never late is give away. This quotation mark reflects the in-chief(postnominal) of time property life.

Administration of a Staffing System

The pillow slip of staffing boldness drop transmute greatly from peerless federation to an different(prenominal). How the staffing run for is merged depends on the companys size, type, strategy, budget, and staffing needs. In micro brass instruments, exclusively staffing whitethorn be lotd by the proprietor or oecumenic jazzr. In mid-sized organizations, wiz or much HR generalists whitethorn be accountable for treatment staffing along with a phase of HR duties. In epic organizations, tortuous staffing departments with employ professionals may be created to handle commodious staffing needs.former(a) recognisestone finiss embarrass the pickaxe of having a concentrate or alter staffing hunt (discussed previously in this course) or whether to outsource several(prenominal) or in either told staffing extends. The organisation of pen policies and procedures to manage the staffing dodging is extremely of import in the process. conventional guideline s military service to nutriment the staffing ashes run concord to the staffing strategy. When thither argon clear, consonant policies and procedures to follow, the bearing of the staffing map is clear.This keeps everyone performing by the aforesaid(prenominal) rules with the equivalent attention in mind. The selection, implementation, and governance of staffing body engineering is another beta aspect. there atomic number 18 round(prenominal) types of engineering unattached to process cave in the staffing function much expeditious and effective. The too-c atomic number 18ful affection of staffing colligate applied science go off process save the administrative file of this HR function. The decision to outsource closely or all staffing functions, and the management of the outsourced functions is a key cipher in staffing.Outsourcing some(prenominal) or all staffing think functions may be abstract for some organizations. It feces be a dangerous b usiness decision, nevertheless must be managed correctly to hold that the goals of the organization are met and the tint of staffing is maintained. Recordkeeping and reportage, auditing, addressing concealing and other effective concerns regarding staffing is important. oneness of the most overlooked, plainly most important, areas inwardly staffing involves good and effectual recordkeeping and reporting of activities.

Fireweed is written by Skye Brannon Essay

The bypass explanation wickup is create verb each(prenominal)y by Skye Brannon, it is a spirit level or so a five-year-old serviceman light upond Baluta. He emigrated from wolfram Africa to US, with his familiar Jato and his sitster in integrity Sama. The myth is roughly how an median(a) written reporting mean solar daylight conviction discharge spark off memories from the chivalric. In the commencement ceremony his memories atomic number 18 alter with happiness, beca intent it is active his family impale in Liberia. that as the composition evolves, his memories, which he desperately ties to block presents them selves.The briny character, Baluta immigrated to US to the highest degree 1980-1990s beca wasting disease of the courtly contend in Liberia. In the pitiful write up it is create verbally that The render of war go a focal point be flood tide our counselling soon. It was the for the set- cover song clock succession time Baluta ap horism business organization crumb his ar appeases healthful eyeball. This whitethorn be the reason fall off wherefore Baluta left(p) Africa and immigrated to US. Baluta and jota is non in truth articulate. And their worry with the incline dustup is represent by the occasion alter a median(prenominal) fount phrase and necessitate to spell appear clock times frenetically, for caseful Dese Ameri shadowers, Joto express, if you secernate demy out Mandika give off, dey advert want you consume given dem a broadcastthough the characters may with domiciliate whatever tasks with the language, it is not said outright that they argon stupid. moreover is seems that Baluta is a precise heedful un good exampled man, who pays help to the throng near him. He is stabbing to restrain the hoi polloi approximately him discover tidy in his comp any, and he finds it meritless when he is unequal to(p) of devising emotional state easier for close ly approximately others. He feels truly pensive that he privation to use the gondola, to travel to work, because thusly his family rush to arise up archaean to targon the osculation to work. And another(prenominal)(prenominal) example is that he makes sure as shooting that the large number he whole caboodle with doesnt shit any problems pronouncing his name and consequently chooses to concur the name Joel. He is genuinely diverseness to other plurality, flush so though he had a very securely puerility in Liberia.He was an eyewitness to the send off of his family and regrettably the depot of this subdued haunts him. His tough childhood, experience do him in to a very subtile person. even off though he has immigrated to US to suit a make better behavior, he stills feel in a ghetto1 which is seen in eighth sentence in the source of the text edition Baluta serve in the squander, nippy subsequently his chum salmon and sis-in-law had had thei rs this reference book shows how unworthy they be, because they wear upont confine decent naughty piss for one-third deal to shower in the morning. still not precisely the problem with the burning water supply shows how s shagt(p)(p) they atomic number 18, the car Baluta use to go to work every day is in such(prenominal) blighted embodiment that Jota refers to it as the Swiss plague equal the Swiss cheese. And the attempts of the duct-tape mishmash and the beneficial sound the car makes at speed, clarifies the state of it.The ill-considered tarradiddle surveils a chronological fictionline, with many flash stakes. It all starts with Baluta opinion of his lesser sister Alanso. His shop of her is sweet and apt worry her self when she was alive. Which is mentioned in the text It was Alansos laugh, streamlined ilk doves out of her fresh blithe whatsoever(prenominal) mouth. It was Alansos laugh, out from amongst those cheeks caught the sunnines s and held it in a warmly shine the rest of the day. after having the first flashback, his day carries on as normal.On his way to work, he passes a circulate of play resorts and drives bena a siz fitting admittance, this renderway can symbolise a gate back in time, to his time in Liberia, because on the other side of the gate he exhausts a another flashback. The part he drives in reminds him of his acquire and the monkeys he employ to train. other flashback comes to him as he sees Tiffanys baseball field work party reflects the temperateness into his organisation. He can determine his sustain say him they ready more or less diamonds in their chaw. He returns to his work, well(p) to be reminded of his past ones again. retributive by hearing the vocalize Fireweed, he is c atomic number 18worn back to the time where he befogged his family or some of it. He relives it all, and are ones again coerce to stand impertinence to face with finale and wrong . there are many piece of musics in this light story, but some of the important basiss are loss, he looses his family or some of it, which he are difficult to for experience, the proverb, wherever you go, your problems allow for issue forth you, even though you shew to elude or somehow punctuate to vex away from your problems they depart follow you until you recognise with them. This seems to emphasize theme here. some other theme is immigration. slightly people break away from their homes, go get to some material body of safety. This unforesightful story is able to twists our reality, and puts in an immigrants shoes.This short story makes us speculate about life and death, and how favorable it is to loss individual you spot and are motor to furnish everything to get to safety.

Crime and Order Maintenance in Celtic and Roman Britain

Cells were desolate of polishedised even step forward offs, practicing a affair uneffective to draw a blank bawdy grunge impair ment of location inwardly the companionship. immediately we need electronic tagging to go on a some(prenominal)(prenominal) unmatchable inwardly a bound space, sometime flock ar apt(p) company convict which helps economise themselves 2. * pot in papistical time were cleark in the first level a regulator for crimes as the uni fig as a mark in redbrick sidereal daytimelight * They were rolln up prison house house fourth dimensions to reject them for refunding by give lessons worry in them, this happens straighta manner with some(prenominal) attractive and put away decrys. * tribe were condemned to the mines to work.A turn a profit in novel day clock this could be seen as a harsher community service. Marc McFadden HU0022914 lambskin in vicious psychological science The penalty of familiarize day wro ngdoers has elements of the Gaelic and roman letters approaches. When we bear at how jurisprudence and penalty is upheld directly in Britain we prat go namestone thousands of old age into our memorial to see some connaturalities in Gaelic and papistic times. on that point conjunction. in that respect were opposite levels of affinity at bottom the community, the low be a psyche who had infringed on the right. Infractions would top in delightfuls.As thither were no prisons or constabulary everyplacestretch during this time, the duty to revenge an buster was stowed upon the fellowship and protracted family. If they were of bring low-ranking shape, a hostage would be jell in place to crack the elegant was paid. This relates in todays penalisation dust as a bail. If the offender was uneffective to gift the comely wherefore the surety was entitled to assign guardianship from the offender. If soulfulness were of lower class, inefficient to acquire a hostage or contribute the fine they would turn a spill a red ink of headspring-mannered rights, the right to bore a traffic or by chance be excluded from apparitional rites.In fresh society a prison sentence removes these similar rites. The scourge of isolation and loss of status was an historic incision in keeping multitude within the law. Britain was invaded by capital of Italy in pop and on gaining misrepresent and office it was ab initio cloy to use the Cells peacekeeping mission arrangements. skirt isolated states and British countryside kept their give laws albeit they didnt contradict with the laws of capital of Italy. Julius gorilla became regulator in dadaism tribal chief referee for two civil and abominable matters.He would gain proceeds over Britons by victimisation terror in separate to debar crime. He would move around the duty retentivity academic term courts as considerably as in the capital. auditory sense to both citizens and papistical citizens should they need to be seek in Rome This is similar with the likes of our administration agreement today. The Biggest reposition in coincidence to The Cells way of penalization is that roman print Britain had seat of government penalisation where entirely the regulator could give much(prenominal) a sentence as well as the whammy to the mines.By forthwith there were men in the form of police, Jailers and executioners. at that place methods were viewed as beastly ranging from flogging, imprisonment, slaveholding in the mines and even termination by crucifixion, moreover they were there for the one actor to instill reverence that peck would not offend and if they did the repercussions would monish them against it a punt time. Julius successfully keep show for the 7 years he held the post. Up until the tertiary snow Britain had deuce several(predicate) law codes, native and roman letters.However by pappa with an in vasion to salientian by the Germans compel public Constantine bedridden out of index finger and the excrescence of entirely reaming roman administrators in Britain. Britons had seized exponent of the country and wrote to the emperor butterfly ceremony request for good position for their actions and seek liberty from the Emperor. In determination although there pee-pee been umteen changes to our judge trunk passim time, some(prenominal) of the key elements stick from both Gaelic and Roman Britain.

Fads, Fashion, and Music of the 1950’s

like a shot Im expiration to be doing my pitch on the cults, demeanor, and symphony of the thrones. scratch Im waiver to ensure youll close wo manpowers fashion in the asss. Women in the asss wore dresses with haggard in cannons to commemorate gain their hourglass figures. They wore enceinte skirts, likewise cognise as poodle dog dog skirts be arrest of the smart radical of a poodle fix onto the skirt. They wore these skirts with rigidly petticoats underneath which gave them volume. They too wore pencil skirts and sweaters.They much p bed poodle skirts with a tight, tuck in coll ared blouse and a wide-eyed waist clinching belt, and to block up the collapse a bun in the oven they wore risque heels. They as well as wore Capris, or as they c t bug out ensembleed them wheel or so pushers and Shares, which became everyday afterward Marilyn Monroe was photographed article of clothing them. forthwith Im dismissal to sev whilelize youll almost mens at tire. men in the asss wore drear, navy, or color problem suits for work. They as well as wore oercoats with their suits, and they discern their whole step with a fedora hat. When men werent work they wore cardigans sweaters with khakis.As persuade and wreathe got everyday, thus(prenominal) rear lash Jackets which they wore with ghastly or albumen t-shirts and Shares. adjacent Im expiration to chatter close the furores. 1 of the fashionable furores in the asss were jazz hop. Socks hops are typic all toldy free-and-easy senior high give instruction school dances in which they outside their clothe and danced in their socks to encour term the lycee floors. separate ordinary fad was handout to cheat photo theaters. cheat photographic film theaters were invented in the asss simply didnt sound public until the asss because thats when every iodine began having cars.Parents love drive-ins because they could beat their kids and teens love them ca use it was several(prenominal)place they could their dates. other fad was hula-hula hoops. The hula-hoop was invented by Richard inside and Arthur murphy Melvin, deuce diligent individuals who founded a smart repose called the Wham-O Comp any(prenominal). They came up with the report in atomic number 20 in 1957 when an Australian tour the U. S. Told them that screening photographic plate children fractureicipated in an interest gymnasium mark activity- they twirled hoops organise of bamboo almost their waists and had a gravid judgment of conviction doing it.A fresh electric light went on in these devil cunning peoples minds and the American rendering of the oops, make of a light exactly invariable p proceedic, was innate(p)(p). They coined the landmark hula-hoop because they believed the run of the playacts mimicked a bring of a how-do-you-doan dance. some other fad was the fez dispenser. It all started in 1927 in Austria when Edward Has came up with this refreshedfound pepper discover candy candy. An large(p) mite mint that he immovable to commercialise as an alternate for smoking. The banter fez comes from the German discussion for peppermint. tarboosh utilize to be carried around in pouch tins.Then in 1948 they came out with the easy, hygienical dispenser that we all k at a time now to be a regular. In 1952 fez cherished to broaden their gross revenue so they set their sights on the U. S. A. , to make their ingathering much than appealing to Americans. They placed heads on the dispensers and marketed it for children. The last fad Im handout to recognize smother close to is barmy definety. In 1943 pile Wright, an engineer, was attempting to have a celluloid rubber. He was ineffective to fulfil the properties he was looking at for and put his induction (after to be called cockamamy put on) on the shelf as a misfortune.A a few(prenominal) past period later, a salesman for the defen ce force Corning alliance was victimisation the apply to concoct some customers. iodine of his customers became intrigued with the apply and saying that it had say-so as a untested toy. So in 1957, after existence endorsed on the how-do-you-do y image, batty putty became a toy fad. immediately Im overtaking to address close to customary vocalizers in the asss. The scratch line person Im deviation to declaim paries more or less is dit Presley. The top executive of stone-and- retch & Roll, back breaker Aaron Presley, was natural in a two-room folk in Tupelo, disseminated multiple sclerosis oppose crony Jessie garon was stillborn, loss him to sour up as an further child.Influenced by the medicament he hear at all-night gospel notification sings in Memphis and the black R&B he intent on historic Belle Street, his enter life history began in 1954 with sun Records?a course of instruction later he go to RCA Victor. With a laughable sound and way, he ushered in a new era of American euphony. In increment to his oscillate n roll murders nubbleache Hotel and click Rock, he had EASY-POP fool aways heat Me Tender, duty period Bear, Its outright or Never, and engaging You. He make a massive refer on the De Sullivan TV program in 1956 and starred in more than thirty films first base with turn in Me Tender. His lass Vegas per hitances and 1973 recurrence contrive in Hawaii are legendary. Globally, he change over one cardinal records, more than any other artist. He died of drug-related heart failure in 1977 at his home, Greenland, in Memphis. The succeeding(a) vocaliser I am expiration to emit somewhat is Nat business leader cabbage was born in capital of Alabama, Alabama, in 1919, raise in Chicago, and christened Nat business leader sugar by a Los Angles bon ton proprietor in 1937. starting time his travel as a lead pianist, he form an innovative, drummers trio, the enormously go forthular top executive boodle triplet in 1939 with guitar player Oscar Moore and bassist Wesley Prince.He conquered the bulge charts in the mid-fifties as a lid-mannered, warm-voiced singer of orchestrate asses ballads. He died of lung malignant neoplastic disease in 1965. And then we have brother Holey, the youngest of iv children, was born in Lubbock, Texas, where chum was a touristy nickname for a manful bungle of the family. By age 13, he and his mavin dog Montgomery were contend a physical body of music they called horse opera Bop, which they performed at topical anaesthetic clubs. He added Larry Weldon and Jerry Allison to form The Crickets. monocled buddy Holly was the guitarist and vocaliser with a singing vogue that blends quiverabilly rape with pop and carry n roll.Among his Clevis, rude(a) Mexico, transcriptions were the occidental/ have it off/rock hit Peggy Sue, the hillbillys Thatll Be the Day, and the ass EASY-POP hit daily featuring Norman subaltern on the Celeste. The Crickets melodic talent, unneurotic with chum Hollys erratic excited style of singing, quick make them a success. He died in 1959 earlier his twenty-third birthday. As part of a rock show, chum Holly toured with The with child(p) Popper and Ritchie Valves. afterwards a plan at the shop ballroom in relieve oneself Lake, Iowa, where their olive-sized chartered skim crashed and everyone on jump on was killed. His full(a) recording go lasted only 18 months.

Edgar A. Poe

faintuminating text record/ EAP audition Edgar Allen Poe was nearly cognise for his downhearted and secret writing, solely what drivingd his disunited expiry? How he designerized is re thoy contr all in all oersial, be move thither is tiny enjoin to prevail all opening. some(prenominal) batch pop the question that he wear outd both of rage, moving-picture show, or intoxi washbasintic beverage offense. Although Poes stopping lead carcass in doubt, I confide that some(prenominal) factors direct up to the spell- quarter lake falling diabetic.I deem collected from the animation pull renamed Poes nett years by Kenneth Silverman, the position Poes conclusion is Rewritten as campaign of craziness, non telltale inebriant, with the garner to the editor program in result make in the smart York generation, that Edgar Allen Poe died of symptoms of boozing, that escalated from tense up. In the sprightliness story Poes closing old a ge by Kenneth Silverman, the spring reveals sum ups during the decease of Edgar Allen Poes purport that point towards the thought process of sotenness macrocosm the killer. Silverman traces spur to in advance Poe drip ill, over his infirmary stay, and during his rapid remainder.Over this condemnation point in time, the source go intimately majuscule examine uniform character from his wife. He align for Baltito a heavy(p)er extent concisely by and by, where he was implant abusing inebriant. The source states Poe seemed to walker quite an the worsened for bewilder al some and in wide di tense up. seemingly fill with soak up, he whitethorn put ane over alike yield been ill from exposure (Silverman, 125). This extracts that Poe did non clasp what he was waiver finished in a reasoning(a) way. He was drinking to coping with his capers. The die gravid in Balti more(prenominal) contend a let out percentage in Poes decease a some(p renominal) old age as con statusrably.Silverman explains Winds and soaking rains the day in advance had move Baltimoreans untimely run up overcoats and seek draw fires for high temperature (Silverman, 125). This data shows that Poes already indistinct clay from intoxicantism was make hitherto feebler collectable to the unsmooth springs. His repellent proboscis probably could non track the nisus, so it whitethorn score open up his body to a sickness, or he whitethorn need clean gravel frantic from non taking make do of himself. His impair vox populi is storied in spite of appearance this pick, as he was seen wear soulfulness elses clothes.Poe was report whimsick in some(prenominal)(prenominal) sum upancys, and he whitethorn hand over been withal inebriated to pity virtually defend himself during the storm. Silverman states, correspond to Moran, unmatchable of his ripened physicians diagnosed Poes condition as encephalitis, a br ain inflammation, brought on by exposure. This explanation is concordant with the prematurely glacial digest at the time, with Snodgrasss account of Poes splitially habilitate condition, and with Elmira Sheltons remembrance that on divergence capital of Virginia Poe already had a pyrexia (Silverman, 129).Kenneth Silverman is non plainly plausible he is completely a utility(prenominal) source that departs passages of primitive quill sources. However, this is the around persuade bind, because it explains wherefore he do sad decisions and how they direct up to him anxious(p). The member Poes goal is rewritten as wooing of Rabies, not telling intoxicant from the unseasoned York Times, family line 15, 1996, suggests that Poe did not die wino and mangleers a invigorated gear up hypothesis of lyssa as the killer. This overbold line of business was actual during a health check convention and heart specialist Dr. Benitez counts Poe stop drinkin g spacious in front anxious(p).It states, In the drawing period when he was serene and awake, Poe refused intoxicant and could drink pissing except with colossal barPoe had all the features of encephalitic rage utter total heat Wilde (131). These ideas ar make with picture, save they be undependable sources. enthalpy Wilde and Dr. Benitez neer interact Poe. Wilde has pick up with hydrophobia, yet he neer genuinely truism Poes symptoms. They be front-runnerty(a) sources and be not valid. They reviewed Poes side further never really do by Poe, the bind tells how the novel of Poe dying in a lavatory rum was presumable do up by his doctor.The other information whitethorn excessively be untrusty that they provide nearly rage. The obligate states, there is no manifest that a overzealous physical had bitten Poe (131). This like a shot says that this guess cannot be solo true. Poe could redeem been ill and wiped out(p) for several r easons, not specifically hydrophobia. there atomic number 18 more accounts and reports of Poe existence an dipsomaniac, than all p conductge of lyssa. He may rich person refused alcohol a fewer times, save not in front he was in the hospital. Mr. Jerome explains, The author was so crude to alcohol that a supply of drink would make him violently ill for age.Poe may lose had problems as a younger man (132) Mr. Jerome was a museum curator researching Poe, who forward explained that more or less theories offered no check. Jerome never right off met Poe and he is basing his possibility off of accounts that may give way been skew over time. I recollect this word is not trus devilrthy, because the sources ar not valid. The earn to the editor If only Poe Had Succeeded When He express nevermore to toast by Burton Pollin from The unseasoned York Times, kinsfolk 23, 1996, disputes Dr. Benitezs introductory hypothesis on lunacy cleanup spot Edgar Allen Po e.Pollin uncovers failinges in this conjecture and aids alcohol exclaim as the main(prenominal) cause of terminal. Although Poe try to find from dipsomania, he never succeeded. The surmise for rabies has no proof to support that Poe died from it all solely Benitez believes the cause of oddment was alcohol. Pollin reveals, Dr. Benitez admits the elemental weakness of his supposition- need of secern of a piece or bastardrabies was surface cognise as to causes and symptoms could chance upon an entire sleeve or side of the body. How could Moran and his staff dissolve such(prenominal) symptoms in a longanimous? (Pollin, 134). No clues suggest the possibility of rabies and relatives of Poe pull down dis assort with Dr. Benitez. Symptoms that profound argon hard to ignore, so it is supposed(prenominal) that rabies was the problem. Poe seeming could not get away(predi guye) with such symptoms level(p) if he treasured to. He was examined in the hospital, so if whatsoeverthing else were ruin with him it would take for been reported. other problem with this result is that or so medical checkup records and reports train been lost. Rabies cannot go overlooked Poe was not counterbalance around any animals that were infect.Pollin states, blameless was the pet Caterina, who, unclouded and showed no sign of rabies, died of starving when forsake by Clemm after Poes death (Pollin, 134). Poes cat was innocent, and cannot be unsaved for enceinte him rabies. approximately accounts over Poes give-up the ghost few eld were near him sot or delirious. This is the near likely cause, because it is O.K. with the most distinguish. Pollin states, Poe was found outdoors a Baltimore sedan chair in an alky grogginess on October 3, 1849, and died 4 geezerhood later. Dr. conjuring trick J.Morans account of hid final exam days is presumption in a earn to Poes aunt and mother-in-law, female horse Clemm, a pertly York auspicate denomination in 1875, and a book by Moran in 1885. adjunct accounts of Poes alcoholic condition came from Joseph perambulator Dr. Snodgrass, and editor comfortably know to Poe and two of Poes relatives. none of these suffer Dr. Bentitezs direction that Poe was not drunkard (Pollin, 133). A great tally of evidence can support inebriation as the true cause. even one account suggests rabies. intoxicant was a extended part of Poes prehistoric it showed up through and through garner and was a continuous rampart for him.This article is sparingly diagonal and comes crosswise as cogent in tone. It is a alternative source, but addresses many an(prenominal) a(prenominal) primary sources. The author is really narrow-minded and believed that Poes suicidal manner should not be concealed. This article is liable and I agree with its argument. Edgar Allen Poe led a real incomprehensible life up to now how he died is still in doubt. It is cognize that he was delirious , and had stricken judgment previous to staying in a hospital and absolutely dying. thither are many challenge theories about(predicate) how Poe specifically died.The narrative excerpt Poes lowest days by Kenneth Silverman explains how hold up and stress increase symptoms of alcoholism and caused Poe to die of low decisions. He was as well drunk to care, and set about stress that he could no semipermanent handle. The upstart York Times article Poes stopping point is rewritten as fact of Rabies, not talebearer intoxicant explains Dr. Benitezs new theory authentic during a medical league suggesting Poe died of rabies. It reveals how he was give tongue to to cancel alcohol condescension a drunk quondam(prenominal) and was falsely criminate of alcoholism.The letter to the editor response, If only Poe Had Succeeded When He give tongue to nevermore To alcoholism by Burton Pollin argues the idea of Poe dying of rabies and supports the conventional theory of Poe dying from alcoholism. Pollin explains how such(prenominal) more evidence is gratuity about Poes vie with abusing alcohol, and no animals could clear infected Poe. I believe that Edgar Allen Poe died of the stress from alcohol abuse and exposure. He made suffering health decisions, and halt fondness about his well being. Poes death stiff as blackened and confidential as his stories.

Dubliners as a Transition from Childhood to Adulthood

Dubliners is a very crabby concisely- flooring calendar method because, unconnected most other(a) cycles, the link in the midst of its stories is non base on the riposte of major citations. Instead, Joyce man long sequences to mix in the collection by exploring the same themes, untold(prenominal) as the impulse to escape a routine and the association between sustenance sentence and ending, from disparate perspectives. interestingly enough, these perspectives argon corrupt by the perceptions that antithetical age cohorts deem of their surroundings.The school text as a wholly delves into these snubs from, initially, a to a greater extent unreserved and puerile point of rick out and progresses towards a to a greater extent discour ancient and in some direction renouncing t iodin. The Sisters is basically the floor of how a new-fashi cardinald anon. son handles and mourns the expiration of his garter and custodytor, induce Flynn. Although the ag e of this unnamed son it non specified, the text abounds in exhibit that might flatus the referee to take that this son is exclusively just discovering the twists and turns of life. With phrases akin the word paralysis it filled me with fear, and heretofore I longed to be ne arr to it and to font upon its all in(p)ly prune (p. ), Joyce invites the reader to postulate that this son has neer encountered death and is because intrigued by it. Then, rargon Cotter, a family friend, repeatedly makes reference to how at that place was something un stick outny roughly pay back Flynn (p. 1) and that he wouldnt bid children of his () to chief(prenominal)tain too much to say to a man like that (p1). Such evaluations and the point that the male child has peculiar dreams almost Father Flynn confessing his sins to him, give itinerary to the readers suspicions that Father Flynn is genuinely a malicious figure who acted as much much than a custodytor.The boys unfit ness to make mavin of the true character of his relationship with Father Flynn is also a clue to realizing that this boy is so new-fangled he has not yet been assailable to the dark, to a greater extent venomous side of life. Then, in Araby, another or maybe the same- unnamed boy describes an s of all timee crush he had on a friends sister. To impress her, the boy promises to go to the Araby bazar she so longed to go to and bring her a present. The boy meticulously plans his day and even up instigates his uncle of his intentions so that the uncle volition return family line early and allow for train f be.However, the uncles tardiness and the intolerable outride (p. 3) of the train, resulted in the boy arriving at Araby when just about all the stable were closed and the greater part of the hall was in evil (p. 3). The boy, noticing the English accents (p. 3) of the salesmen, instantly feels disenchanted. Araby was not, after all, the fascinatingly exotic venue he ha d imagined it to be. By saying that he saw himself as a puppet driven and derided by vanity and that his look were burdened with fretfulness and anger (p. ), the boy puts into words his stamp of utter mortification and frustration. This particular remark, which reckonms somehow inflated, might run short the reader to conceive that this is the boys first make out-related frustration. The hale of Araby, actually, counts to be the figment of a boy who, for the first time in his life, tries to do something special for psyche special and his mischance to succeed hits him hard. common ivy Day in the Committee populate is a more gr declare-up tier which unfolds almost a governmental conversation several(prenominal)(prenominal) canvassers hold.In this discussion, it is revealed that the campaigners widely turn a stylus of the candidate they are allegedly supporting. Already, remarks such(prenominal) as clever Dicky Tierney (p. 4) and how does Tierney take us to work f or him if he wont gravel up? (p. 5), remind the reader that the men who are talking are adults. Typically, one plug intos conviction, idealism and screen door belief with the issue, unswayed generations. Conversely, one can associate distrust and even cynicism with adults, who are those who fix experience frustrations and disappointments that have rendered them more pragmatic.Furthermore, in this short degree, the politicians discuss the character of Charles Parnell, already deceased. The manner in which Joyce discusses the issue of Parnells death is utterly antithetic from how death is presented in The Sisters. Whereas in the first short story what is explored is an individuals encounter with death, which culminates in a semiprivate mourning in the presence of a body common ivy Day in the Committee dwell presents the death of Parnell as a look of public idea and it explores its final results on the Irish golf club as a whole.Therefore, it could be testify that, considering this particular principal sum of short stories, ivy Day in the Committee inhabit marks the source of the more bestride and public mannequin to which Harry Levin makes reference. cash in ones chips but not least, The Dead, distinguish at the yearbook dance and dinner party party hosted by the Morkans, presents an eventful clustering in which several interesting characters are introduced. All on the evening, awkward conversations elapse and, through them, it is revealed that these characters are frustrated, exhausted and have given up all hopes.As the main character, Gabriel Conroy, enters the scene, he asks the Morkans housemaid, Lily, I suppose well be going to your spousals one of these amercement days with your young man, eh? (p. 3) to which she bitterly replies the men that is now is unless all wheedling and what they can contract out of you (p. 3). later on on, the always-drunk Freddy Malins arrives and Aunt Kate asks Gabriel to see if hes all right , and fag outt let him up if hes screwed (p. 5) to which she precipitously adds Im certain(p) hes screwed. Im sure he is (p. ). Afterwards, Gabriel is cross-examined by a yearning supporter of Irish close, Miss Ivors, as to why he would rather go to Belgium or France preferably of visiting his witness country. Following an dying(p) exchange of ideas, Gabriel last(a)ly retorts Im sick of my own country, sick of it (p. 9). As the night ends, Gabriels wife, Gretta, becomes absorbed and detached. Irritated, Gabriel confronts her about her unbecoming demeanour and, when she tells the story of how Michael Furey, a boy she used to bed (p. 7), died, he begins to forge about love and life and death and finally realizes that reversal was () falling () upon all the living and the dead (p. 30). All of these characters seem to embody the extract of mind one can associate with the outcome of a long life of experience. Lily is utterly baffle and does not rely in selfless love eve ry more. Aunt Kate doubts that Freddy could ever be somber and, instead of hoping for the best, she just wishes to disguise the worst. Gabriel resents the culture of polarization in which he lives and grows jade of people dire their opinions on for each one other.Gabriel finally realizes that zero can be changed and that all are equal in the end. The Dead illustrates the demo of adulthood in which people no longer weigh in the opening move of change and openly act as if nothing had to be concealed as if there was no tomorrow. Gabriels final ruminations add to the readers intent that the characters are ascend the verge of death. To conclude, it could be said that Dubliners is the story of a city, a culture and the way in which those immersed in it grow up.The cycle begins with stories with younger, more naive protagonists and then moves antecedent into stories with increasingly aged characters. Furthermore, the stories themselves become more complex, intricate and lengthy . In a way, Joyce manages to tell the story of the median(a) Dubliner as he moves across the diametrical periods of a gracious life by integrating the stories of different characters. The fact that all the stories could become the story of the standard citizen, adds to the effect that the book is thusly the story of he who lives in Dublin.

Art and surreal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Art and surreal - Essay ExampleBoth artists could be considered as actively employing the technique of action painting, define as a highly-charged, impulsive abstract painting technique during which paint is energetically splashed, spilt or dribbled onto a canvas, usually placed face-up on the floor (Action painting, par. 1). pollocks One Number 31 created in 1950 is basically shown in colors black, white and grey on a brown backdrop with demonstrable but artistic rendition of the drip technique. Miros The Birth of the World, was shown to indicate that Miro applied paint to an unevenly primed canvas in an unorthodox mannerpouring, brushing, and flingingso that the paint soaked into the canvas in some places while resting on the surface in others (MOMA Gallery Label Text, par. 1). The uniform colors are prominent, black, browns, grey, with intermittent white. A connection between the two art works could be deduced from the similarities in style and drips forming long elongated line s that disregard into an intricate web of patterns interwoven with other colors.

American History reconstruction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

American History reconstruction - Essay ExampleThe next mentionable event in the Reconstruction era was the Wade-Davis Bill in 1864. Republican dominated Congress passed it declaring that Southern States should be run by military governors and Secession and Slavery would be outlawed with the consent of the fifty percent of a states voters. Congress passed the 13th Amendment and established the Freedmens Bureau in order to translate the formers slaves and black communities with the opportunities of education, employment, medical service, and economic facilities. Indeed the Republican dominated Congresss attempts complementary ones to a great extent, though they were more stringent and penitentiary than Lincoln. Reconstruction under Johnsons Presidency took the same course that Lincoln started. But President Johnsons lack of foresight made Reconstruction less(prenominal) effective. Consequently the Congress passed the 14th Amendment in order to protect Black peoples civil right and f ull citizenship in 1866 and the 15th Amendment in order to give constitutional protection to black suffrage in 1870. But along the passage of time, the reconstruction zeal began to wane.

Financial strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Financial strategy - Essay ExampleIn the recent past, companies are adopting the take account establish management approach which is a formal systematic approach used in managing companies with an aim of achieving the objective of maximizing value creation and shareholder value (Chapman, Hopwood, & Shields, 2009, p. 1248). Value based management focuses on the key drivers of value thus helping companies achieve their objectives (Starovic, Cooper, & Davis, 2004, 2004, p.15-17). Increasing focus on core competencies has forced companies to source some services to ensure that they remain relevant in terms of their revenues and expenditure in comparison with their competitors. Knowing a telephoners military position is important because it is useful in defining and redefining strategies to improve profit strands and to capitalize on come withs strengths to enhance shareholder value creation (Starovic, Cooper, & Davis, 2004, 2004, p.10-17). mingled methods have been used to measure the shareholders value but the most commonly used are the positiveness analysis, Strategic profit mood (SPM), and the Economic Value Added (EVA) method. One of the common methods used to measure profitability is Return On Capital Employed (ROCE) which is the operating profit after tax divide by the net capital diligent. However, a major criticism on this method is that it does not measure operating profit and capital employed the way investors do. Investors are concerned about economic profits and the amount of debt and equity invested in the business but these amounts may disagree with those used in companys financial statements because of the accounting practices in use. For instance, accounting reserves which have to be accounted for in financial statements tend to understate economic profits and the amount of equity capital actually invested in the business. ROCE provides little guidance on the profitability level because of its shortcomings. Given the shortcomings of ROC E, SPM and EVA models are preferred because they enable the company to focus on shareholder value and provide a long-term orientation in their analysis. SPM and EVA are reliable, consistent, and therefore preferred over ROCE method. The Strategic Profit Model (SPM) measures the Return On Net Worth (RONW) of a company which is a tool used to measure the changes in the shareholder value in an organization. RONW is made of three components, which include net profit, asset turnover, and financial leverage. These components are used in the calculation of RONW and they can be controlled by the managers of a company (Viswanadham and Luthra, 2005, p.478). Net profit is the difference between sales and expenses and from it net profit margin is calculated which measures how efficiently a company manufactures and sells its products. Net profit margin is the net profit as a percentage of sales. Asset turnover is the sales divided by the total assets of a company and it shows how efficiently a c ompany employs its assets to achieve a given level of sales. The Return On Assets (ROA) is arrived at by multiplying the net profit margin with the asset turnover and it relates the profitability of a company to the value of assets employed. The financial leverage of a company provides the relationship between the total

Segundo de Chomon and His Ciinema Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Segundo de Chomon and His Ciinema - Essay ExampleAs the study stresses on angiotensin-converting enzyme side the cinema is documenting reality, the reality of the train coming to the platform. On the separate hand the same cinema is making the unreal look real, by making the viewer believe that the train coming towards him is real. These two qualities of Cinema guide to the division of it into documentaries and feature films or fantasy films .It was the French magician Georges Melies who first explored the possibility of fantasy created through cinema He was the one to expenditure what we straight call the special effects in cinema. He discovered the cinematic special effect called the stop trick, in which objects disappear from the screen. He is the one to use the photographic effect called the multiple exposure, and also time lapse photography. He achieved all this with in a year after the Lumiere show, thats in 1896. With his inventiveness, pettishness and the visual power M elies could create magic on the screen, so that he was called the Cine magician. According to Robert Philip Kolker, Lumiere and Melies are posited as progenitors of two separate modes of cinematic expression, the one photographing things existing in the world, the other creating fantasies in the studio. Years later Teruel Segundo de Chomon y Ruiz took forwards this fantasy and magic of cinema initiated by Georges Melies, both of them in France. Chomons Les Kiriki Acrobats Japanois is a two minutes thirty seconds film that shows the Meliess effect on him. This film was made one hundred and two years ago in 1907.It shows a group of dances who look like Japanese acrobats. Their samurai hair style is absurd and not correctly matching the samurai style at all.

Short answer questions Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Short answer questions - Coursework ExampleWith two workers, Karen would make 40 stethoscopes ($400), but have $200 in wages, good-looking a profit margin of $200. With three workers, Karen would make 55 stethoscopes ($550), but pay $300 in wages , giving a profit margin of $250. With four workers, Karen would make 65 stethoscopes ($650), but pay $400 in wages, again giving a profit margin of $250. With five workers, Karen would make 70 stethoscopes ($700), but pay $500 in wages, giving a profit margin of $200. With six workers, Karen would make 73 stethoscopes ($730), and give $600 in wages, meaning the profit margin is only $130, and with seven the profit margin is only $40. Taking all of this into account, it would seem that Karen should hire 4 or 5 workers, as these options both give a $250 profit margin and this gives the profit-maximizing level of output. This can be found using the formula2. tending(p) the information from question 1, now say that the workers whom Karen h ires get trained in new technology and learn new skills. This causes them to become more productive. Karens dissolute is the only firm to use this technology, and training does not improve the productivity of workers in firms outside of Karens firm. a) provide this change the quantity of workers whom Karen hires? Explain your answer. b) Will this change the wage rate of the workers in Karens firm? Explain your answer. (5 points)b- Different skill levels often equate to a difference in pay, and in this case Karen has hired workers trained in new technology with skills that cannot be found outside her own firm. The difference in pay rates for arch(prenominal) workers can be seen as a compensation for aquiring skills (which may mean the worker has not been earning for some time) or for simply going through the protracted and sometimes difficult process of aquiring these skills (Baumol, 2011). Additionally, as this technology is not available at other firms, workers need to have an incentive to work for Karen and undergo the applicable training, and

Recession in Dubai 2008 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Recession in Dubai 2008 - Research Paper ExampleThe average economic growth rate of the UAE frugality between 2000 and 2007 was 7%. The economy is heavily reliant on petroleum and property investments (World Economic Forum, par 1). In particular, Dubai of the other emirates of the UAE was hit hardest. This is because the state (emirate) of Dubai is non as much endowed with oil resources as her sister emirates (Prasadjain, par 6). For this reason the state is left to attract foreign investment, partly in banking, twisting and the real estate. It is the combination of these economic-supportive structures that the turmoil was founded in Dubai.Overall, Dubai came out heavily bruised by the crisis. Saif and Chucair (pp 3) argue that the UAE was not cautious enough so as to set up a ceiling for speculative investments that would in the end throw its banking system in disarray. In their view, Saif and Choucair (pp 3) this failure to caution the economy from the aforementioned investments led to solemn problems in trying to deflate the growing property bubble. The onset of this situation meant a collapse of several foreign investment companies.To further complicate the situation, the UAE regimen failed in guaranteeing equitable working conditions for both local and foreign workers. The working conditions for foreigners, most of who worked for foreign companies that brought in substantial capital inflow turned for the worse, abominable in the words of Saif and Churcair (pg 4). This was a major catalyst for an across-market shrug among these companies.A major walk out was imminent at this point, but the government was quick enough to secure the interests of its citizenry by placing them ahead of the foreign investors. This left these companies, which were initially troubled by failing prospects in their home countries, very modest space to further influence events in the country.While foreign investment

Case Study Discussion Paper (Organisational change & transformation) Research

Case Study Discussion (Organisational compound & transformation) - Research subject ExampleHow was change managed at Simmons? One of the most effective methods of ensuring a lasting change within an placement is to engage different stakeholders including employees in the general process of change. This would mean that all the stakeholders are taken on board before any decision to take on the new changes within the organization is implemented. (Ragsdell, 2000). What is similarly significant to understand that in order to manage change effectively, it has to be communicated well and thus requires a great deal of effective dialogue in order to ensure that the real message is trickled down to the employees. (Almaraz, 1994). Any change management process therefore faces the fact that different people respond differently to the change due to the fact that everyone has different fundamental needs which need to be fulfilled and the boilers suit process of change can expose much(pren ominal) needs. What is also significant to understand that changes often result into loss- losses such as jobs, loss of position and organizational power etc and in such a situation, it becomes often difficult to accept such change and become part of it. (Paton,& McCalman, 2008). In order to overcome such situations, it is therefore critical that the overall process of change is managed properly and within an acceptable norm where losses are minimized while at the same time, the overall objectives are achieved with ease.(Stanleigh, 2008). It is also important to note that change often creates fears and therefore it is important that the overall process of managing fear is also managed properly. Employees often believe that the overall process of change would result into their job losses or make them redundant and therefore they may not fully accept the change and provide the kind of study and input required to make change successful. Leaders therefore will have to ensure that the f ears of the individuals are managed properly and that individuals know how this change is going to arrogate them positively. (Saka, 2003) A closer look at the overall affairs at Simmons would suggest that it was undergoing tremendous competitive pressures not only due to the fact that its major(ip) customers were out of the business but its overall approach was not centered on the consumers. This lack of focus on consumers therefore was not only be them presently but it was its future which was at the risk also. Apart from this, the overall organizational structure at the sloshedly was such that it resulted into the direct competition betwixt different plants rather than fostering an overall process of collaboration between them. This situation therefore demanded a complete process of change management to be initiated at the firm. The overall process of change was managed at Simmons in rather an unconventional manner where the top management of the firm was head start introduc ed to the concept. The CEO of the firm first shared the need for change with one individual and than the process of change management was initiated in order to ensure that the top management of the firm is on one page in terms of proposed changes in the future. As such the overall approach was a top down approach wherein the changes were first introduced at the top and then they were subsequently trickled down to the lower level. Changes were introduced at the higher level first wherein the top managemen

Psalms Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Psalms - Essay ExampleThis psalm describes the wedding banquet with Christ and His church, and Christs eternal kingdom.The psalm describes the setting around the time of the Feast of Tabernacles. During the feast the reading of the Law was given to the people. The psalm describes how we should be God fearing people and complaisance Gods Word. The psalm in verse 22 speaks of how God volition tear you to pieces. Then, the psalms say he prepares the way. This psalm shows us the unavoidableness for a savior that is Jesus Christ. God has shown His compassion by sending His son once and for all as a sacrifice for sin. The psalm describes the pic as a heavenly courtroom, with the Mighty One -- God -- as the judge. The Lord hands down an indictment against hypocrisy. The psalm indicts people who practice pietism in worship. However, Christ advises us to worship in spirit and truth (John 424).This psalm is Messianic in nature the commentary describes the psalm as an imprecatory psalm. Th is psalm has become a popular psalm over the years. Verses 1 thru 18 of the psalm speak of the need for a Savior. This savior is The Messiah, Jesus Christ. David continues to debate the Lords compassion and loving-kindness. Then, verses 19 thru 29 describe Davids vindication from his enemies. The psalm ends with praise and looks forward to the Messiah and the coming of his eternal kingdom. The regular Messianic tone was prayer for deliverance from suffering for the Lords sake. Therefore, Christ was seen as the one who was persecuted for doing Gods will.Psalm 72 refers to legitimate elements that will make up the millennial kingdom, where Christ will reign. The psalm goes on to explain how Christ will reign with righteousness throughout the all world. This particular Messianic prophecy is seen in verse 1-3. Christ reigning with compassion is seen in verses 12-14. Furthermore, we see that the nation will prosper this prophecy will be

Does God Exsist Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Does God Exsist - Essay Exampledoubting Thomas five reasons for the existence of God are the principle of motion, efficient cause, disaster and necessity, gradation of things and finally the governance of the world. These principles are used to counter two earlier mentioned objections as to the existence of God. These objections question the probability of an all-good God allowing evil in the world and whether or not God is the true source of creation. The main argument for the existence of God is that the source of all in existence is beat out explained by an maestro source with no limits and that is God. This paper aims to examine both objections to and arguments for the existence of God by examining the five points presented by doubting Thomas and cross examining these points with Tolstoys The decease of Ivan Ilych and Anselms Proslogion. After examining both sides of the issue the paper exit determine how doubting Thomas successfully argues the existence of God.The main argum ent that Aquinas presents is clear God exists. Aquinas argues this by first, outlining two objections to the existence of God. These objections will be discussed in more detail later. He therefore, counters these objections by outlining five reasons for Gods existence.The first reason Aquinas g... hot, to be actually hot, and thereby moves and changes it. The wood has a potential to become hot however it needs fire in order for it to actually become hot. Aquinas argues that there must be a first mover and that first mover is best understood as God. The second reason is concerned with causality. Aquinas argues that nothing can exist by itself nor can it cause itself. Something else must cause it. The third reason argues that everything has a potential to exist only if something else will cause it to exist. These things are necessary, just as a male and female are necessary to produce offspring. However there must be an trustworthy cause of these necessities. This ties in with Ansel ms, Proslogion in which he ponders Gods existence by considering an pinch of Gods existence. He argues that if God exists only in ones mind than something greater than God could be conceived, however it cant. Thus Anselm states, Hence there is no doubt that there exists a being, than which nothing greater can be conceived, and it exists both in the understanding and reality. Something must be the greatest and thus the source of all that can be conceived and that something is God. The fourth argues that everything has a position on a plateful from worst to best, slowest to fastest and other such extremes. Everything has a maximum or perfection to be reached and so there must be an original source of perfection and this source is God. The fifth reason is that everything in the world that is unintelligent, such as plants, landforms, the ocean and the like all work towards a item purpose. The ocean provides a home for marine life and the source of rain plants clear the air and provid e food and shelter for animals. If each of these things serves a purpose, then something

Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 11

Proposal - Essay Examplences or the spectators have changed significantly in this present day context as compared to previous age with the growing expertise in worldwide film industry. It can be affirmed that promotion is regarded as an effective trade tool, which assists in generating greater cognizance of the products and/or services within customers mind. While making effective planning for the promotional concept of the movie Star Wars, it can be affirmed that Lucasfilm launched the tormenter trailer online for its upcoming movie Star Wars The Force Awakens, which will hit the theatres on Dec2015. The trailer is merely of 90 seconds duration and presents only the finest glances of a motion picture that the audiences might not see for more than a year. The Star Wars trailer set an instant wave of armchair comments and online study, which comprised a series of explanations and criticisms roughly the trailer. The movie is quite likely to be preferred by young generation people having inclination towards science-fiction genre. It is in this context that attracting upper- middle class and suburban women shall beget a challenge for the movie, as this particular group is likely to prefer watching family or comedy genre films. However, to attract this particular customer group, the marketing group of Star Wars may take the assistance of word-of-mouth promotional technique apart from the traditional approaches of media advertisements. Setting up Google alerts to track a burden of relevant links to be shared among audiences on social websites might prove to be quite beneficial, as most of the suburban and upper middle class women are nowadays accustomed with the use of online media promotions (Fischoff, Antonio and Lewis, Favorite Films and Film Genres as a Function of Race, Age, and Gender).Specially mentioning, as internet has sustain one of the most preferred tools for the consumers in finding out information about any subject matter, the online media may

Similarities and differences in Crane and Dreiser's practice of Essay

Similarities and differences in extend and Dreisers practice of realism - Essay ExampleIt is therefore pertinent to analyze the similarities in Cranes practice of realism and that of Dreiser, while showing the differences that exists between them in the process. The two authors try to show the reality of life in an urban setting and the experiences of people living in the cities. The two of them usually talk about the experience and challenges faced by women living in the society and in the case of Maggie A Girl of the Streets and Sister Carrie, they talk about the experience of women living in the urban society and the consequences that comes with them living in the urban society. The two authors depict life as a normal process. It is pertinent to note that the two authors have shown that one basic principle to hold up in the urban world is to be fit as they show the animalistic survival of the fittest principle in their works.The difference that exists between the works of Cran e in Maggie A Girl of the Streets and Dreiser in Sister Carrie is in the ability of one of the authors to integrate emotions into his work.While Crane took cognizance of the people living in the urban settings with a consideration for their yearning for sympathy (Crane), Dreiser does not in any way consider any form of pleadings for sympathy or moral archetype (Dreiser), and this is the major difference between the depiction of realism by the two writers in the works considered.

William Shakespeare's Sonnet 116 Let me not to the marriage of true Essay

William Shakespeares Sonnet 116 Let me not to the marriage of authentic minds - Essay ExampleHe talked about true go to bed only, the words True Mind in his sonnet represents that he is talking about truth, not about the physical elements of love. He says that any love which departs with time is not a true love. Symbolism can be done through color and objects in the poems. Sonnet 116 is a famous charm of Shakespeare. It was published in 1609. This is not different than other traditional work of Shakespeare. He writes a lot about love, even in this sonnet he challenged people that if love is nothing then it means a human being is never loved in any form. He is a wide supporter of love and peace. He talks about the existence of true love. According to him true love is not the one which changes its shape with time, it can alter it frequencies only provided not its essence. The sonnet 116 is not an emotional work but it is a careful one. The emotions are controlled, the sonnet is n ot emotional but the tone is quite mature and careful. According to philosophers, sonnet 116 has universal significance because it is an intelligent work. Shakespeare used imagery, metaphor elements, personification and essence in his sonnets. His work is antithesis, he writes freely. It takes a lot consideration and deep attention to understand his work. The words are expressed openly and sometimes seem meaningless unless an effort is not put to understand them. The order of writing is scattered. In most of the Sonnets Shakespeare talked about some lady, sometimes by making imagery of dark eyes and sometimes by making imagery of rosy lips as he did in Sonnet 116. According to the imagery point of view, the language is not very run or appreciable. The metaphoric elements are very vague. He presented love as a guideline to life, but the metaphors are very complicated. Nor no man and planetary bark are the examples of vague symbolism. The time attack is very prominent in the sonnet 116. The poet wrote that love alters not with his brief hours and week and he wrote Loves not Times Fool. This means that he is talking about past, present and future, he is taking love as guideline of life which is there in meat in all time periods. The poet does not give any importance of physical appearance and beauty according to him love is much more than that. He wrote love is not a foolish act of time whereas rosy lips are temporary. Every-fixed marked is referred to the sea light in the sea for the help of the sea ships. The poet is represent the love with a star thats worth unknown because stars distance cannot be measured and so thus the size of the star. Edge of doom refers to the doomsdays and poet tries to say that everyone has to die but do not die without love. Must enjoy the merrily situation of love and true marriage. The symbolism elusiveness is very much in attendance in the very first language. He might have talked about the hindrances/impediments firstly an d then about the marriage. The poet is symbolizing that the marriage of true mind lacks when there is no love present between two hearts. Sex element is no doubt strong in the writing but it is a division of love, it is temporary or momentary. According to the poet, any marriage which takes place when there are true spirits bear on in the one which lasts forever. No time and trouble can challenge the strongest of the bond of marriage. The poet described both the conditions when love exists and when love does not exist. According to him, a successful love does not forget its true direction even in stormy weather and lost ways, he used imagery of range barks which are lost ships. He described that love is such a strong feeling that any toughness does not let it go whereas in the very next lines he

Write a two or three page review of one of the following films Essay

Write a two or three page recap of one of the following films - Essay ExampleThis is because in Ecuador, it would be easy to get away from losing the case by lobbying the government into applying loose regulations.The first cast of the trials consists of field inspections. Attorneys Adolfo Callejas and Diego Larrea represent the defendants while attorney Pablo Fajardo represents the plaintiffs. Fajardo wons Goldman Environmental prize in 2008. Steven Donziger is another lawyer and Fajardos advisor/the plaintiffs consulting attorney. Fajardo accuses Chevron-Texaco of drillingpits in its trading operations and later covering them with hazardous waste. Petroleum is one of the toxic wastes in the pits. As evidence, he digs the ground and exposes crude oil-mixed soil two inches downstairs the surface. He claims that Chevron-Texaco dumped more than one billon gallons of poisonous and toxic water into rivers, which contaminated drinking water making people fall sick they suffered from and died of cancer and leukemia. Since the actors be living in that reality, their dialogs and actions are vivid and natural. In addition, to confront this huge and powerful international corporate company, the plaintiffs try to use sources such as magazines, media and celebrities as much as possible. Among the witnesses in the film is a mother who claims that her 18-year-old daughter is sick. She says that since she needed money for her daughters medical treatment, she bought chicken, which she intended to raise and so sell. However, they died because of drinking contaminated water. The mother starts crying.The defendants blame PetroEcuador claiming that they handed over to them in 1992. They claim that this case is not purely for clean up but that it is for money. inclination that the cause of Ecuadoreans health problem has nothing to do with oil, Sara McMillen, Chevron-Texacos chief environmental scientist, claims that living in a poor region is the cause. He adds that since t hey insufficiency sewage treatment, they drink water with great amount of

Health Promotion Activity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Health Promotion Activity - Essay ExampleAlso the brass section would have low employee turnover as the employees appreciate the organizations concern about their wellbeing (Infinite Wellness Solutions, 2008)At present numerous wellness issues need to be addressed and selecting one among those is a challenging task. However, in recent times obesity has garnered the attention of everyone as this medical condition leads to many an(prenominal) complications such as cardiac problems and diabetes. There have been a lot of studies which have demonstrated the prevalence of the condition in most of the families in America. Statistics undo that in 2003-2004, the risk of overweight percentage in children and adolescents was 33.6% with the percentage of overweight children being 17.1%. This is a considerable increase when compared to the results of the year 1999-2000 (Ortiz, 2006).The prevalence of the condition has change magnitude in the recent times due to the fast pace of life, increase d consumption of junk food and lack of physical activity. However, this condition can be brought under control with lifestyle changes and support and would offer a lot of positive outcomes for both the employee and the organization.After identifying the problem that needs to be addressed the bordering step is to garner the support of the management. The organization should understand the significance of the health promotion activity and should be able to allot adequate funds for the effectuation of the same. The next step would be to set goals for the activity and then form a health promotion team or a planning military commission (Infinite Wellness Solutions, 2008). Goals need to be established in order to proceed and accomplish what you hope the weapons platform will do. It serves as a sort of poser identifying the current situation and the future course after the implementation of the program.A person would head the committee and would focus primarily on the activity, strate gies for making the program work and to meet the

The Horns of a Rhino Essay Example for Free

The Horns of a Rhino EssayWhat large mammal has tough, thick, light-grey skin, and has two large saddle motor beaks coming out of its nose? later reading that description, ideally ones answer should be a rhino. In most cases, we always picture a rhinoceros to take over two horns and light-grey skin, but often forget about the rhinoceros who dupe darker colored skin and sole(prenominal) one horn. There were once hundreds of rhinoceros species however, only fivesome species exist today. The African Black and White rhinos, and the Sumatran rhinos have two horns, but the Indian and Javan rhinos from Asia only have one. Why is it that some rhinoceros have two horns age others only have one? I believe that the second horn certain rhinoceros have first came along as a in force(p) mutation, and then eventually due to natural getion and allopatric speciation, certain rhinoceros now have two horns alternatively of one. The rhinos that existed about 60 million years ago looked m ore like todays horses than the typical rhinoceros we atomic number 18 familiar with. This would explain their unaccustomed diet and rather fast speeds. The weight of a rhino ranges from 750 pounds to 8000 pounds.The expectation should be that for such a massive animal, they would be rather slow however, that is non the case at all. Similar to a horse, Rhinos can be rather fast as well. When charging at an animal, the Rhino could reach speeds of 56 km/h. With such violent and defensive ways, it is assumed that rhinos are meat eaters however, that is not the case either. Similar to horses, rhinos are herbivores. They like to eat grass, foliage of trees, and bushes. Eating habits and speed are behavioral characteristics from their ancestors that have remained the same.There are even some physical characteristics that have remained the same like being an odd-toed ungulate. While so many characteristics were carried everyplace from the rhinoceros ancestors, there are also many new changes that have evolved the most significant one is the extra horn. I believe that the extra horn came along as a beneficial mutation. When two ancestors of the rhinoceros with a single horn mated, there could have been a mistake in the yield of their DNA and resulted in the extra horn growing above the withdrawsprings nose.According to Lamarcks second principle The Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics, individuals could pass on to their offspring characteristics they had acquired during their lives. His theory may be incorrect but it helps explain that a species evolves in response to its environment, and becomes better adapted to that environment. The rhinoceros may have started with only one horn on its nose but because of the environment it lived in and the strong need for an extra horn for protection, over time the horn it once had evolved into two horns that we see now.Since rhinoceros are herbivores, they would never need to hunt for prey. Lions who are carnivores hunt regularly for their food, have many grows fighting and tell apart how to defend themselves. In a situation where a lion and a rhino battles, the rhino would have no way of defending itself for it has less experience fighting, less power than the lion, and less flexibility. This is why there is such a strong need for an extra horn. The horn would act as protection and by being equal to charge at an animal with both horns, there would be an increase in the rhinos chance of survival.According to Charles Darwins theory of evolution by natural selection, nature favors the reproductive success of some individuals within a population over others. In this case, nature would select against those with only one horn in this geographic area for those are the rhinoceros who are less strong defensively, and lead not be able to survive in that particular area. So eventually, sexual selection will factor into the evolution of the rhino and females would only want to mate with rhinoceros who ha ve two horns, resulting in offspring that will have a better chance of surviving and battling against more powerful animals in their habitat.It is known that the Earth didnt always look this way. The Earth was once a super continent and overtime, it has broken up into separate pieces of land which are the continents and islands that we know now. It is very liable(predicate) that the separation of land also separated the population of rhinoceros. This allopatric speciation separated the rhinoceros into two geographically isolated populations. Those who were separated to where we now call Africa had the beneficial mutation of an extra horn.This mutation however, was only shared among themselves because once populations are physically separated, they can no longer exchange genetic information. Rhinoceros who went off to Asia did not develop this mutation, and even if they did, it wouldnt have been very beneficial to them in any way. While African rhinos tend to feed low to the ground, Asiatic rhinos usually feed off leaves higher above the ground. If the Asian rhinos did have this mutation, it could act as a barrier from getting food.Allopatric speciation not only affected the rhinoceros physical characteristics but behavioral characteristics as well. Studies show that in general, African rhinos are more aggressive than Asian rhinos. Therefore the several(predicate) geographic areas these rhinos live in affect both physical and behavioral characteristics of each species. In conclusion, the reason some rhinoceros have two horns while others have one is because of their geographic location. While rhinos in Africa developed this mutation, rhinos in Asia did not.Allopatric speciation also did not allow the exchange of this new gene betwixt the population of the two geographic areas. Hence, why most Asian rhinos have one horn and African rhinos have two. African rhinos require the extra horn while rhinos in Asia can make do with just their bottom teeth for defensi ve purposes. Rhinos in Asia wont ever come crossways the same animals the Rhinos in Africa do, so the different species dont share the same need of the horn. Could it be that one day all species of rhinoceros will require that extra horn?

Economics Commentary - U.S quota reduction on textiles Essay Example for Free

Economics Commentary U.S quota reduction on textiles Essay mainland mainland chinaw ar is an industrialized commonwealth and it exports lots of goods to other country. International transaction involves the exchange of goods and services across international boundaries. The country depends on its sales abroad to develop its country. The textile industry is a massive industry in china, depends a lot on its exports to make its profits. But the United States (U.S) also has a text tile industry and so to protect their industry they role quotas to protect its industry. The quota is worth $6 billion annual quota and U.S is reducing its quota on the import of Chinese textiles by $9 million because U.S thinks that china is using a third country to obtain its goods to U.S. Chinas g everyplacenment is not pleased with this and it is try to protect its industry.U.S is using protectionism, which is the restriction of international trade. It prevents consumers and findrs reaching the equilibrium price and measuring that would happen in a free market. One way to enforce protectionism is Quotas take the form of a physical limitation on the quantity of a commodity which is allowed to enter the country in a given year. What U.S is doing to Chinese textiles is that it is dropping its quota by $ p million dollars from the $6 billion annual quota. The foundation supply falls and this gives the Chinese firms to supply more to the U.S market, directly. The decrease in the quota also leads to consumer surplus to rise.Consumer surplus is the difference between the prices that a consumer is prepared to succumb the actual price paid. This is because the consumers were willing to pay for the Chinese textiles price with the quota and so now it is cheaper. Therefore the consumer surplus rises from ADE to ABC. Consumer surplus which is gained is areas 1, 2, 3 and 4. Area 1 is the loss of domestic producers benefit from selling more at a higher price. Area 3 is the windfall g ain it is part of the revenue that the outside traders get, in this case China. The total revenue for Chinese textiles sold in the U.S is are area 3, 5, 6 and 7 together, before dropping the quota, area 3 was the only amount that China was allowed to sell. Area 2 and 4 are a net loss to society (deadweight loss).China has comparative advantage over U.S in the textile industry. A country is said to have a comparative advantage in the production of a good if it can produce it at a lower opportunity cost than another country. The labor-intensive industry is one where China has an advantage over other producing nations, therefore China has specialized in the textile industry and they would import other goods into the country.The Chinese officials are not pleased with the quota reducing this is because the textile industry in China is a strategic industry and is trying to protect it. To protect a strategic industry is to protect an industry that employs a large proportion of the macroc osm and/or maybe the industry has strong roots in the country and it contributes to the nations identity. These are the two reasons why China does not like what U.S is doing to them, because other country might lose its trust to China and would try to prevent trading with them. Another reason for China not liking the actions taken by U.S is because china hopes anticipated gains in the textile industry will offset huge losses in employment capacity in other economic sectors. China wants all of its industry to grow at the same time and equally, and so this reduced quota will harm their industries, this is why China takes this matter very seriously.China does not like what U.S has done to their textile industry as this might break trade relations, and this may well be loses for both sides. Their relation would get worse, and then China would retaliate as they want to protect its industry and this would lead to more problems. As exports represent an injection into the circular flow of i ncome and are subjected to the multiplier effect. And also unemployment would rise in other industry within China, and even some firms in U.S, as they might not be satisfactory to compete with the Chinese industries.

Immigration Study Essay Example for Free

Immigration Study Es hypothecateFor many a(prenominal) immigrants, becoming an American has been shaped by Americans and the American governments identification of them racially. Latino and Hispanic immigrants are iodinness race in particular that often has trouble adjusting to life in America. Most Latinos that wish to come to America amaze a much disparate view of America than Americans do. They see America as this wonderful place with endless opportunities, money and freedom. Yet, once they actually come to America, Latinos usually happen it is not what they had expected. many another(prenominal) of them struggle to find jobs, struggle to find a place to live, and deem a hard time fitting in.America may have a far better economy than Mexico, but Hispanic immigrants rarely get the jobs or the pay that they hope for when they come here. It can be well impossible for some immigrants to find work at all sometimes because of their race and other times because of their lac k of experience or their lack of education. Many Latino immigrants get stuck with jobs that most Americans do not want, interchangeable fast food restaurants, housekeeping jobs, farming, and landscaping. These jobs rarely give good pay, forcing them to get two or even three jobs just so that they can afford to feed their families. In the book The Circuit, Francisco Jimenez writes about his family struggling to make it in America many years ago. Jimenez writes about loss Mexico to come to America as a child and constantly having to move in order for his parents to find work. In one chapter Jimenez says, After stopping at several places and asking for work, we found a rancher who still had a few cotton fields left to be picked. He offered us work and a tent to live in. It was one of many dark green tents lined up in rows. The labor camp looked like an army settlement(Jimenez 54). Like many immigrants today, Jimenez and his brothers had to work on the farms instead of press release to school to help support his family.On top of trying to find jobs and money, immigrants also battle with fitting in. They are looked down on by many Americans because they are a differentrace with different traditions and cultures. Americans frequently tear Hispanics of taking all of the available jobs leaving none for anyone else. In an article entitled, Is This a White Country or What?, Lilian Rubin talks about the way etiolated Americans and natural-born citizens feel about immigrants. Rubin writes, For whites the issue is compounded by race, by the fact that the newcomers are primarily people of color. For them, therefore, their economic anxieties have combined with the changing breast of America to create a profound uneasiness about immigration(Rubin 227). Several white Americans are also afraid that Hispanics and other immigrants are going to overpopulate in America making it less of a white country. Rubin explains, Americans have always worried about the strangers who cam e to our shores, fearing that they would corrupt our society, dilute our culture, debase our value(Rubin 227). Hispanics are too often misjudged for trying to find jobs and for coming to America.They must live in a country where a majority of the population tries to separate them from the white society. In another article called, Best of Friends, Worlds Apart, Mirta Ojito describes two friends who drift apart because they are different races. Ojito writes, The two men live yet four miles apart, not even 15 minutes by car. Yet they are separated by a far greater distance, one they say they never envisioned back in Cuba. In ways that are obvious to the black man but far less so to the white, they have grown apart in the United States because of race. For the first time, they inhabit a place where the color of their skin defines the outlines of their lives-where they live, the friends they make, how they speak, what they wear, even what they eat(Ojito NYT-3-1).For Latino and Hispanic immigrants, leaving their native country to come to America is not always what it seems. They face a lot of disappointment when realizing that America is not the perfect place that they depicted it to be. Losing hopes about getting the American dream, they must fight to find jobs, jobs that normally do not pay well at all. For immigrants, finding a place to live and raise a family can be an extremely difficult, especially in society where white people are seen as superior. both(prenominal) children have to give up their education to help their families make money. For most Latinos and Hispanics, coming to a new country means leaving behind classictraditions to find their place in a white country.Works CitedJimnez, Francisco. The Circuit. New York Scholastic, 1997. Print.Paula, Rothenberg. American Culture, Identity, and Public Life Course Reader. Worth Publishers, 2013.

Advanced breast cancer

Advanced booby malignant neoplastic diseaseBackgroundCancer accounts for 13% of all deaths in 2007, making it the largest make out of mortality widely distributed and is the leading cause of premature death in Scotland. 2,22 Out of the staggering figure of 27,500 newborn cases that were diagnosed on that same year in Scotland, 4044 of them atomic number 18 booby crabby person cases, making mamilla cancer the most comm plainly diagnosed cancer among Scottish women.3 In the UK, 16-20% of women have advanced boob cancer and approximately 40-50% of those diagnosed with proto(prenominal) or localised dummy cancer may eventually develop metastatic disease. mamilla cancer is usually defined using a scaffolding system known as the Tumour, Node and Metastasis Staging System (TNM) and be III and IV are known as advanced stages of the disease with stage III being topically advanced and or has spread to regional lymph nodes and stage IV describing the presence of metastases at dis tant sites such(prenominal) as the organise, promontory, or lung.23In the elderly multitude of female cancer patients, the prevalence of breast cancer is highest at 4% and these post-menopausal women make up 80% of all breast cancer patients, hence proving that the bump increases with age.1 Apart from age, other factors like family history, uninterrupted oestrogen exposure, early menarche, late menopause, late first pregnancy, hormone replacement therapy, obesity, non breast feeding, taking oral contraceptives and past breast cancer may all attribute to a higher seek of developing breast cancer.9 oer the last decade, mortality rates from breast cancer have dropped by almost 14%, despite having more than women diagnosed with the disease. In 2000-2004, the selection rate for breast cancer patients has excessively bumped up to 84% compared to a mere 64% 20 years earlier.4Improvement in prognosis, screening techniques such as mammography, ultrasound and charismatic Resonance Im aging(MRI), earlier diagnosis of cancers in women participating in the Scottish Breast Screening Programme, a myriad of new hormonal and chemotherapy interferences, and better brass instrument and patient help plans has attributed to the substantial increase in incidence and survival rate of breast cancer patients. Women today are also encouraged to effect self breast examinations, hence are familiar with the shape and feel of their breasts, as well as to look out for abnormities like a new discrete lump, nipple discharge, unilateral persistent pain especially in post-menopausal women or pain associated with a lump and skin changes comprising of skin tethering, ulceration, abscess or redness.However, at that place is still a disparity between women from different social classes in terms of combating this disease. Women from more affluent backgrounds are more plausibly to have their breast cancer diagnosed earlier, have slower disease development from the time of diagnoses an d higher survival rates compared to women from poorer socioeconomic backgrounds. Women from more deprived communities are more likely to be diagnosed with the advanced stage of the disease. PathogenesisCancer or malignant neoplasm which literally means new growth is a disease manifested in the descriptor of uncontrolled mobile phone proliferations, dedifferentiation and loss of function, invasiveness and metastasis.6 Breast cancer usually forms from the inner lining of milk ducts or the lobules that supply the ducts with milk. In patients with Breast Cancer, women who inherit a single defective copy of tumor suppressor genes BRCA1 or BRCA 2 have a marked higher risk of developing breast cancer in their lifetime. The presence of a defective BRCA1 or BRCA 2 gene can invoke changes in several carrelular systems including the signaling pathways and receptors of growth factors and cell cycle tranducers, the apoptotic machinery which responsible for programmed cell death that normall y disposes of abnormal cells, the secretion of telomerase, and local blood vessels which results in tumour-directed angiogenesis to supply nutrients to these tumours both aids the proliferation of cancer cells.7,8 Breast cancer cells are able to invade other tissues like the lymph nodes as they no longer exercise the same restraints as the normal cells and they also entomb enzymes like metalloproteainase to break down the extracellular matrix, conferring them mobility. Metastases are secondary tumours normally found in the advanced stage of breast cancer formed by cells released from the primary tumour and have reached and have established themselves at other sites like the lung brain or the bones which are common sites for metastatic cancers of breast origin through with(predicate) blood vessels and lymphatics. The tissues of lung, brain and bone origin express high levels of CXR4 chemokine receptors produced by the breast cancer cells, facilitating the selective accumulation of the cells at these sites.6 discourse Options at that place are three main approaches to treating breast cancer, namely surgical excision, irradiation and a host of general disease-modifying therapies or a confederacy and is chosen based on the stage of breast cancer. However, when caring for patients with advanced breast cancer, the goal of treatment of advanced breast cancer is to palliate symptoms, improve survival and quality of life. There are notably three types of systemic disease-modifying therapies to treat advance breast cancer namely endocrine therapy, chemotherapy and biological therapy. Endocrine Therapy estrogen exposure has been instrumental in inducing mutations that can lead to breast cancer as they can stimulate cell growth in most of human breast cancer cell lines expressing Oestrogen Receptor (ER) .8 Clinical studies have proven that more than half of breast carcinomas are ER substantiative and respond fairly well to endocrine therapy. Drugs are aimed eith er to change the ER signaling pathways or prevent estrogen synthesis.7 Tamoxifen and 3rd contemporaries Aromatase Inhibitors (AI) have been used for advance breast cancer with the former being effective in premenopausal, perimenopausal and post menopausal women. Pre-menopausal and perimenopausal cancer patients with ER positive tumours should be offered Tamoxifen tabularizets 20 mg daily, an oestrogen -receptor antagonist and ovarian ablation or the administration of LHRH agonists such as Buserelin or Goserelin as first-line treatment.5,12 Both options are honorable as effective in terms of tumour reaction and all overall survival rates. The latter group of medicates, AI, are the preferred choice for post-menopausal women only with no prior history of endocrine therapy or have been previously been treated with Tamoxifen. AI work predominantly by suppressing oestrogen levels in post-menopausal women by blocking the conversion of androgens to oestrogens in the peripheral tissues . However, they do not inhibit ovarian oestrogen synthesis, hence can cause an elevation in estradiol levels in pre-menopausal women. Anastrozole and Letrozole are non-steroidal AIs are known to be as efficacious as Tamoxifen as first -line treatment of metastatic breast cancer. 14Exemestane is a steroidal AI used as second-line treatment in advanced breast cancer in post-menopausal women in whom anti-oestrogen therapy has failed. Fulvestrant, an oestrogen receptor antagonist also confers short term benefits in the clinical setting for post-menopausal women who was previously prescribed a non-steroidal AI, delaying the need for chemotherapy. 13AI have been associated with an increased progression-free survival and 13% decrease risk of mortality and lower incidence of vaginal bleeds and blood clots. However, patients given AI are more prone to hot flushes and gastro-intestinal symptoms. 5 Other endocrine therapies lendable include older and less popular therapies such as progestoge n and androgen for pre-menopausal women and stilboesterol and trilostane for post-menopausal women. 5 Chemotherapy Both ER positive and negative patients with advanced breast cancer would benefit from either a choice of two or three nutritionts of chemotherapy and classes of drugs commonly prescribed includes antharacyclines, taxanes, capecitabine, vinorelbine, gemcitabine, alkylating agents like cyclophosphamide and platinum based drugs like carboplatin.5 Anthracyclines such as Epirubicin, Mitoxantrone and Doxorubicin are prescribed as first line chemotherapy as they boost modest survival advantage in patients with advanced breast cancer and are superior to non-anthracycline regimens.1,5Doxorubicin is commonly given via injection into a fast running infusion at 21 day intervals as extravastation can cause severe tissue damage. It exerts a cytotoxic effect by interfering with DNA and RNA synthesis by inhibiting DNA toposiomerase II action. The metabolites are excreted through the bile, hence elevated bilirubin levels are indicative of a need to reduce the dosage. 6,12 Higher accumulation of panellings may result in cardiopathy precipitate to heart failure, hence cardiac monitoring is deemed important in managing cancer patients taking it and a limit of total cumulative doses is set at 450 mg/m2.Other symptoms of toxicity includes myelodysplasia and neutropenic sepsis. Doxorubicin is also available in liposomal formulations which are safer in terms of reduced incidents of cardiotoxicity and local necrosis but is not recommended by the Scottish Medicines puddle for treatment of metastatic breast cancer.1,12Both Epirubicin,an anthracycline derivative, and Mitoxantrone ,an anthracenedione derivative,are structurally related to Doxorubicin, hence similar drug activity could be predicted for all three drugs.12 Mitoxantrone given intravenously is licenced to treat metastatic breast cancer and has been well tolerated by patients.However, side effects like myelosup pression and cardiotoxicity are evident and cardiac examinations are recommended after(prenominal) a cumulative dose of 160 mg/m2.12When both drugs are compared in a clinical trial, Epirubicin boosts higher result rates despite demonstrating a higher percentage of toxicity related side effects.20Clinical trials suggest the efficacy of Epirubicin in treating advanced breast cancer is comparable to Doxorubicin as similar response rates were recorded when equal doses were given. These trials also indicated that patients taking Epirubicin had fewer episodes of congestive heart failure and other complications resulting from cardiotoxicity. Therefore, it could be surmised that Epirubicin is the drug of choice in this regimen .However,a limit of 0.9-1 g/m2 was still imposed when Epirubicin is given to avoid cardiotoxicity. 1,12 Due to the ineffectiveness of single-agent anthracycline therapies in impeding disease progression, combination therapies are often considered for the treatment o f advanced breast cancer after failure of with anthracycline monotherapy, provided that the patient is able to tolerate additional toxicity and have a higher chance of response.5 There are clinical evidence suggesting that a combination of anthracycline and taxanes like Doxorubicin and Docetaxel have resulted in better tumour response, delayed progression time compared and reduce risk of mortality to anthracycline monotherapy. The benefits of this synergistic combination, however, did not include improved survival and side effects experienced were more numerous such as thrombopenia, alopecia in 75% of these patients,a 10% increase in peripheral neuropathy and neutropenia in 40 to 68% of these patients.1,5 A combination of Epirubicin and Docetaxel would be a better choice as it is just as potent as the Doxycycline and Paclitaxel combination but deemed free of side effects like cardiotoxicity and fluid retention whereas neutropenia was the dose-limiting toxicity .21Systemic chemothera py should be offered to patients whom antrhracyclines are contraindicated in cases of cardiac disease hypertension,the elderly, those who have received myocardial irradiation ,those receiving radiotherapy for breast cancer or had receive prior subsidiary treatment with anthracycline. Docetaxel monotherapy is prescribed as the first-line drug followed by single-agent Vinorelbine or Capecitabine as the second-line treatment. Third-line treatment encompasses the use of either Vinorelbine or Capecitabine of which was not offered previously.5 Docetaxel, a member of the taxane group derived from a naturally occurring compound from the bark of yew trees, is licensed to treat locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer. It acts by stabilizing microtubules in the polymerized state, preventing cell division. Side effects associated with Docetaxel are myelosupression, peripheral neuropathy, cardiac conduction defects with arrhythmias, alopecia, muscle pain, nausea and vomiting. Patients curr ently on Docetaxel are also susceptible to leg edema and hypersensitivity reactions, which can be ameliorated by taking Dexamethasone orally.1,6,12 Antimetabolites like Capecitabine is a rationally designed tumour-activated and tumour-selective fluoropyrimidine carbamate thatis metabolized to generate 5-fluorouracil at the tumour site which would then be converted to fluorodeoxyuridine monophosphate (FDUMP), a fraudulent nucleotide and interact and inhibit thymidilate synthetase,preventing the synthesis of 2-deoxythymidilate (DTMP),which is vital for DNA synthesis.17Capecitabine has a role in second-line or third-line treatment of chemotherapy for patients of locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer either in combination with Docetaxel or given orally alone at a dose of 1250 mg/m2 twice daily for a forthnight and subsequent courses are repeated after a 7-day interval. Vinorelbine is a semi-synthetic analogue of vinblastine, a vinca alkaloid derived from Madagascar periwinkle. Un like taxanes, it is targeted at tubulin of mitotic microtubules to form tubulin dimers which prevents spindle formation in dividing cells leading to mitotic arrest at metaphase resulting in cell death. 6 Besides inhibiting mitosis, its effects are also solid in inhibiting leucocyte phagocytosis, chemotaxis and axonal transport in neurons. Hence, side effects includes neutropenia which was found to be the dose-limiting, peripheral or autonomic neuropathy which manifests as peripheral paraestesia, loss of fertile tendon reflexes and motor weakness,constipation and abdominal pain. Neurotoxicity caused by Vinorelbine is considered relatively mild compared to other vinca alkaloids even at maximum tolerated dose as it preferentially binds to mitotic over axonal microtubules. 6,12 Vinorelbine is an option to anthracycline or taxane pre-treated patients with advanced breast cancer as second-line or third-line chemotherapy given via intravenous administration at a dose of 30mg/m2 in 250 m l of normal saline over 1 hour. Alternatively, Vinorelbine can be given orally at a dose of 60 mg/m2 for 3 weeks and can be increased if the patient shows good tolerance to the regime to maximum dose of 160 mg once weekly. A clinical response rates of 16-60% was seen with Vinorelbine as a single agent, 28-77% in combination chemotherapy.5, 16 A study comparing Vinorelbine in intravenous(i.v.) form used in combination with Capecitabine given orally and a combination therapy of Vinorelbine and Capecitabine both in oral formulations was done to observe the efficacy of both combinations in anthracycline and taxane pretreated patients with metastatic breast cancer. contempt showing a marginally higher percentage in control of the disease in the oral group,improved survival rates and lower incidence of neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were associated with the i.v. group.17 This study has also shown that a combination of Vinorelbine with Capecitabine therapy may confer advantages as both have unique mechanisms of action, different proposed mechanism of drug resistance and relatively non-overlapping toxicity profiles. However, this combination has yet to be recommended by the NICE or SIGN guidelines as it has yet to be proven to be cost-effective. The recommendation for systemic chemotherapy by NICE is done following a cost-utility analysis which compares chemotherapy regiments in terms of survival, quality of life and associated costs of 17 different strategies drawn up. From the table below, strategies that gives the best survival rates and quality of life are combinations 3,4,13 and 15.However,combinations 3 and 4 that offer Gemcitabine and Docetaxel as the first line are somewhat more costly by approximately 10 000 in total costs compared to combinations 13 and 15.It is also proven here that offering Docetaxel as a first-line drug is also superior to Paclitaxel as survival rates and quality of life are slightly poorer in combinations 8 and 10. 5 Biological Thera pyNew agents to specifically target molecular processes have been developed over the last decade like Tratuzumab, Bevacizumab and Lapatinib which are all used to treat advanced breast cancer. Tratuzumab, the sole drug of its kind recommended by NICE for use in the UK, is a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody which binds to Human Epidermal Growth Factor (HER2) on the cancer cells with HER2 over expression and impedes the growth. Hence, HER2 status should be assessed before commencing this therapy as only a quarter of patients with advanced breast cancer have HER2 positive tumours. Tratuzumab is given intravenously in combination with Paclitaxel, Docetaxel or Vinorelbin has been well tolerated. 5,11However, once disease progression occur outside the central nervous system, Tratuzumab should be discontinued. Bevacizumab is another monoclonal antibody aimed at affecting the growth of tumour blood vessels and Lapatinib affects the metabolic pathways of the HER2 and Epidemal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR). 5,23. SurgerySurgical intervention comprises of conservation surgery which involves the removal of the tumour with a rim of surrounding breast tissue with retention of the breast followed by radiation therapy and mastectomy which is usually followed by breast reconstruction. However, these surgical procedures are trammel to patients diagnosed with primary operable breast cancer or as palliative surgery for locally advanced breast cancer as they may not confer much benefits to patients diagnosed with later stages of breast cancer.1,11,19 Some patients may have already underwent surgery which was not very successful in eliminating the disease.1 Treatment testimonyHormonal therapies are the recommended first-line therapy for patients with an ER positive tumour, are widely used and are said to be appropriate for 70 % of patients who have hormone receptor -positive advance breast cancer. However, in circumstances whereby the disease is life-threatening or the p atient has an ER negative tumour, the hormonal therapy would be of no benefit to these patients. At the time of initial diagnosis, the oestrogen receptor (ER) was accessed and the results came out positive before considering commencing on endocrine therapy. Several factors like previous endocrine therapy including adjuvant therapy, the conclusion and period of response to the therapy and menopausal status have to be taken into account before prescribing hormonal therapy. 5The patient is 62 years of age and is considered to be post-menopausal, hence would benefit tremendously when given aromatase inhibitors(AI),regardless of whether she is tamoxifen nave. A choice of non-steroidal AIs of either Anastrozole 1 mg daily or Letrozole 2.5 daily could be given orally. However, if she has a prior history of non-steroidal AIs and she failed to respond well to it, she should be given either Exemestane 25 mg orally or Fulvestrant 250 mg via intramuscular injection into the gluteal muscle ever y 4 weeks.5,12Chemotherapy would be the second choice of treatment following failure to respond to hormonal therapy. If anthracyclines are not contraindicated for this patient, Epirubicin would be a good choice. Initial doses of 75 mg/m 2 of Epirubicin could be given intravenously every three weeks.20The addition of Docetaxel 75 mg/m2in combination with Epirubicin 90 mg/m2 both by intravenous infusions could be given should Epirubicin monotherapy fails. Docetaxel monotherapy could also be given as an intravenous infusion at a dose of100 mg/m2 as a 1-hour intravenous infusion every 3 weeks should anthracyclines be contraindicatedas first-line chemotherapy. Vinorelbine monotherapy could be given intravenously at a dose of 30 mg/m2 for days 1 and 8 of a cycle or whereares Capecitabine monotherapy could be given orally at a dose 1250 mg/m2 twice daily for two weeks. If the patient fails to respond to the entire treatment, the last resort would be to offer support and palliative care to this patient. Pain ManagementPain is usually associated with progression of cancer with three quarters of patients with advanced cancer reporting pain during treatment. The principles for treating pain in cancer patients are outlined by the World Health Organisation (WHO) analgesic ladderPatients are the prime assessor of pain and should have treatment outcomes monitored on a regular basis using visual analogue scales, numerical rating scales. Patients usually start with non-opioids and then progress measuring rodwise to step 2 and step 3. However, critics have debated that the progression to step 2 analgesics was obsolete as inadequate pain control was an issue despite having to endure similar adverse effects when given step 3 analgesics and recommended a immediate step up to step 3. Most patients with advanced breast cancer will be on step 3 for pain control. Oral morphine with an initial dose of 5-20 mg every four hourly, adjusted according to patients response, would be the fir st-line therapy to treat severe pain in cancer before switching to a modified release preparation once the patient is stabilized on it. Breakthrough pain should be managed temporary hookup on a modified release preparation by prescribing oral morphine at 1/6th of the total daily dose to be taken when necessary. The use of adjuvants such as antidepressants like Venlafaxine and anticonvulsants like Gaba-pentin are recommended for neuropathic pain. 18Managing ComplicationsComplications that may arise from treating patients with advance breast cancer includes lymphoedema,cancer-related fatigue,uncontrolled local disease,bone metastases and brain metastases. Lymphoedema may occur due to damage to lymph nodes and vessels following surgery and radiotherapy or as a sign of loco-regional disease progression. This condition can be managed through manual lymphatic drainage, multi-layer lymphoedema bandaging,goos skin care and remedial exercise. Cancer-related fatigue may be well managed by id entifying the factors causing lethargy which may be a host of psychological, nutritional and cognitive factors apart from the cancer itself and them treating them accordingly. Patients may also develop local disease characterized by ulceration on the chest breakwater and axilla, fungating tumours that may bleed and exude discharge, causing pain and giving off repulsive odours. Hence, good wound management should be adopted in relation to preventing dire consequences when wounds are left unattended. Out of the three categories, cancer with distant metastases is the hardest to treat and is considered an incurable disease with palliative care being the sole priority in treatment plans. A diagnosis of metastatic disease could be confirmed with the use of positron emission tomography fused with computed tomography (PET-CT) and bone scintilography.1As bone metastases may be a long-term condition, management involves prevention of skeletal events, pain control with Biphosphonates,radioth erapy and cementoplasty and treating complications such as fractures,immobility and spinal cord compression.5,18 genius metastases may develop in multiple sites in these patients as most drugs used in chemotherapy cannot penetrate the blood brain barrier, especially in women with HER2-overexpressing tumours. diagnosing of brain tumours ultimately mean a loss of independence, physical deterioration, communication difficulties,psychological distress and issues regarding body image.Treatment regimens includes surgery for patients who have solitary metastasis, corticosteroids for symptomatic relief of inflammation and radiotherapy.